OAuth Proxy

New in version: 2.12.0 The OAuth proxy enables FastMCP servers to authenticate with OAuth providers that don’t support Dynamic Client Registration (DCR). This includes virtually all traditional OAuth providers: GitHub, Google, Azure, AWS, Discord, Facebook, and most enterprise identity systems. For providers that do support DCR (like Descope and WorkOS AuthKit), use RemoteAuthProvider instead. MCP clients expect to register automatically and obtain credentials on the fly, but traditional providers require manual app registration through their developer consoles. The OAuth proxy bridges this gap by presenting a DCR-compliant interface to MCP clients while using your pre-registered credentials with the upstream provider. When a client attempts to register, the proxy returns your fixed credentials. When a client initiates authorization, the proxy handles the complexity of callback forwarding—storing the client’s dynamic callback URL, using its own fixed callback with the provider, then forwarding back to the client after token exchange. This approach enables any MCP client (whether using random localhost ports or fixed URLs like Claude.ai) to authenticate with any traditional OAuth provider, all while maintaining full OAuth 2.1 and PKCE security.

For providers that support OIDC discovery (Auth0, Google with OIDC configuration, Azure AD), consider using OIDC Proxy for automatic configuration. OIDC Proxy extends the OAuth proxy to automatically discover endpoints from the provider’s /.well-known/openid-configuration URL, simplifying setup.

Implementation

Provider Setup Requirements

Before using the OAuth proxy, you need to register your application with your OAuth provider:

Register your application in the provider’s developer console (GitHub Settings, Google Cloud Console, Azure Portal, etc.)
Configure the redirect URI as your FastMCP server URL plus your chosen callback path:
- Default: https://your-server.com/auth/callback
- Custom: https://your-server.com/your/custom/path (if you set redirect_path)
- Development: http://localhost:8000/auth/callback
Obtain your credentials: Client ID and Client Secret
Note the OAuth endpoints: Authorization URL and Token URL (usually found in the provider’s OAuth documentation)

The redirect URI you configure with your provider must exactly match your FastMCP server’s URL plus the callback path. If you customize redirect_path in the OAuth proxy, update your provider’s redirect URI accordingly.

Basic Setup

Here’s how to implement the OAuth proxy with any provider:

from fastmcp import FastMCP
from fastmcp.server.auth import OAuthProxy
from fastmcp.server.auth.providers.jwt import JWTVerifier

# Configure token verification for your provider
# See the Token Verification guide for provider-specific setups
token_verifier = JWTVerifier(
    jwks_uri="https://your-provider.com/.well-known/jwks.json",
    issuer="https://your-provider.com",
    audience="your-app-id"
)

# Create the OAuth proxy
auth = OAuthProxy(
    # Provider's OAuth endpoints (from their documentation)
    upstream_authorization_endpoint="https://provider.com/oauth/authorize",
    upstream_token_endpoint="https://provider.com/oauth/token",

    # Your registered app credentials
    upstream_client_id="your-client-id",
    upstream_client_secret="your-client-secret",

    # Token validation (see Token Verification guide)
    token_verifier=token_verifier,

    # Your FastMCP server's public URL
    base_url="https://your-server.com",

    # Optional: customize the callback path (default is "/auth/callback")
    # redirect_path="/custom/callback",
)

mcp = FastMCP(name="My Server", auth=auth)

Configuration Parameters

OAuthProxy Parameters

upstream_authorization_endpoint

str

required

URL of your OAuth provider’s authorization endpoint (e.g., https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize)

upstream_token_endpoint

str

required

URL of your OAuth provider’s token endpoint (e.g., https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token)

upstream_client_id

str

required

Client ID from your registered OAuth application

upstream_client_secret

str

required

Client secret from your registered OAuth application

token_verifier

TokenVerifier

required

A TokenVerifier instance to validate the provider’s tokens

base_url

AnyHttpUrl | str

required

Public URL where OAuth endpoints will be accessible, including any mount path (e.g., https://your-server.com/api).This URL is used to construct OAuth callback URLs and operational endpoints. When mounting under a path prefix, include that prefix in base_url. Use issuer_url separately to specify where auth server metadata is located (typically at root level).

redirect_path

str

default:"/auth/callback"

Path for OAuth callbacks. Must match the redirect URI configured in your OAuth application

upstream_revocation_endpoint

str | None

Optional URL of provider’s token revocation endpoint

issuer_url

AnyHttpUrl | str | None

Issuer URL for OAuth authorization server metadata (defaults to base_url).When mounting your MCP server under a path prefix (e.g., /api), set this to your root-level URL to avoid 404 logs during OAuth discovery. MCP clients try path-scoped discovery first per RFC 8414, which will fail if your auth server metadata is at the root level.Example with mounting:

auth = GitHubProvider(
    base_url="http://localhost:8000/api",  # OAuth endpoints under /api
    issuer_url="http://localhost:8000"     # Auth server metadata at root
)

Without issuer_url, clients will attempt /.well-known/oauth-authorization-server/api (404) before falling back to /.well-known/oauth-authorization-server (success). Setting issuer_url to the root eliminates the 404 attempt.When to use:

Default (None): Use base_url as issuer - simple deployments at root path
Root-level URL: Mounting under a path prefix - avoids 404 logs

See the HTTP Deployment guide for complete mounting examples.

service_documentation_url

AnyHttpUrl | str | None

Optional URL to your service documentation

forward_pkce

bool

default:"True"

Whether to forward PKCE (Proof Key for Code Exchange) to the upstream OAuth provider. When enabled and the client uses PKCE, the proxy generates its own PKCE parameters to send upstream while separately validating the client’s PKCE. This ensures end-to-end PKCE security at both layers (client-to-proxy and proxy-to-upstream). - True (default): Forward PKCE for providers that support it (Google, Azure, AWS, GitHub, etc.) - False: Disable only if upstream provider doesn’t support PKCE

token_endpoint_auth_method

str | None

Token endpoint authentication method for the upstream OAuth server. Controls how the proxy authenticates when exchanging authorization codes and refresh tokens with the upstream provider. - "client_secret_basic": Send credentials in Authorization header (most common) - "client_secret_post": Send credentials in request body (required by some providers) - "none": No authentication (for public clients) - None (default): Uses authlib’s default (typically "client_secret_basic") Set this if your provider requires a specific authentication method and the default doesn’t work.

allowed_client_redirect_uris

list[str] | None

List of allowed redirect URI patterns for MCP clients. Patterns support wildcards (e.g., "http://localhost:*", "https://*.example.com/*"). - None (default): All redirect URIs allowed (for MCP/DCR compatibility) - Empty list []: No redirect URIs allowed - Custom list: Only matching patterns allowed These patterns apply to MCP client loopback redirects, NOT the upstream OAuth app redirect URI.

valid_scopes

list[str] | None

List of all possible valid scopes for the OAuth provider. These are advertised to clients through the /.well-known endpoints. Defaults to required_scopes from your TokenVerifier if not specified.

extra_authorize_params

dict[str, str] | None

Additional parameters to forward to the upstream authorization endpoint. Useful for provider-specific parameters that aren’t part of the standard OAuth2 flow.For example, Auth0 requires an audience parameter to issue JWT tokens:

extra_authorize_params={"audience": "https://api.example.com"}

These parameters are added to every authorization request sent to the upstream provider.

extra_token_params

dict[str, str] | None

Additional parameters to forward to the upstream token endpoint during code exchange and token refresh. Useful for provider-specific requirements during token operations.For example, some providers require additional context during token exchange:

extra_token_params={"audience": "https://api.example.com"}

These parameters are included in all token requests to the upstream provider.

client_storage

AsyncKeyValue | None

New in version: 2.13.0Storage backend for persisting OAuth client registrations and upstream tokens.Default behavior: By default, clients are automatically persisted to an encrypted disk store, allowing them to survive server restarts as long as the filesystem remains accessible. This means MCP clients only need to register once and can reconnect seamlessly. The disk store is encrypted using a key derived from the JWT Signing Key (which is derived from the upstream client secret by default). For client registrations to survive upstream client secret rotation, you should provide a JWT Signing Key or your own client_storage.For production deployments with multiple servers or cloud deployments, see Storage Backends for available options.

When providing custom storage, wrap it in FernetEncryptionWrapper to encrypt sensitive OAuth tokens at rest:

from key_value.aio.stores.redis import RedisStore
from key_value.aio.wrappers.encryption import FernetEncryptionWrapper
from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
import os

auth = OAuthProxy(
    ...,
    jwt_signing_key=os.environ["JWT_SIGNING_KEY"],
    client_storage=FernetEncryptionWrapper(
        key_value=RedisStore(host="redis.example.com", port=6379),
        fernet=Fernet(os.environ["STORAGE_ENCRYPTION_KEY"])
    )
)

Without encryption, upstream OAuth tokens are stored in plaintext.

Testing with in-memory storage (unencrypted):

from key_value.aio.stores.memory import MemoryStore

# Use in-memory storage for testing (clients lost on restart)
auth = OAuthProxy(..., client_storage=MemoryStore())

jwt_signing_key

str | bytes | None

New in version: 2.13.0Secret used to sign FastMCP JWT tokens issued to clients. Accepts any string or bytes - will be derived into a proper 32-byte cryptographic key using HKDF.Default behavior (None): Derives a 32-byte key using PBKDF2 from the upstream client secret.For production: Provide an explicit secret (e.g., from environment variable) to use a fixed key instead of the key derived from the upstream client secret. This allows you to manage keys securely in cloud environments, allows keys to work across multiple instances, and allows you to rotate keys without losing client registrations.

import os

auth = OAuthProxy(
    ...,
    jwt_signing_key=os.environ["JWT_SIGNING_KEY"],  # Any sufficiently complex string!
    client_storage=RedisStore(...)  # Persistent storage
)

See HTTP Deployment - OAuth Token Security for complete production setup.

Whether to require user consent before authorizing MCP clients. When enabled (default), users see a consent screen that displays which client is requesting access, preventing confused deputy attacks by ensuring users explicitly approve new clients.Default behavior (True): Users see a consent screen on first authorization. Consent choices are remembered via signed cookies, so users only need to approve each client once. This protects against malicious clients impersonating the user.Disabling consent (False): Authorization proceeds directly to the upstream provider without user confirmation. Only use this for local development or testing environments where the security trade-off is acceptable.

# Development/testing only - skip consent screen
auth = OAuthProxy(
    ...,
    require_authorization_consent=False  # ⚠️ Security warning: only for local/testing
)

Disabling consent removes an important security layer. Only disable for local development or testing environments where you fully control all connecting clients.

Using Built-in Providers

FastMCP includes pre-configured providers for common services:

from fastmcp.server.auth.providers.github import GitHubProvider

auth = GitHubProvider(
    client_id="your-github-app-id",
    client_secret="your-github-app-secret",
    base_url="https://your-server.com"
)

mcp = FastMCP(name="My Server", auth=auth)

Available providers include GitHubProvider, GoogleProvider, and others. These handle token verification automatically.

Token Verification

The OAuth proxy requires a compatible TokenVerifier to validate tokens from your provider. Different providers use different token formats:

JWT tokens (Google, Azure): Use JWTVerifier with the provider’s JWKS endpoint
Opaque tokens with RFC 7662 introspection (Auth0, Okta, WorkOS): Use IntrospectionTokenVerifier
Opaque tokens (provider-specific) (GitHub, Discord): Use provider-specific verifiers like GitHubTokenVerifier

See the Token Verification guide for detailed setup instructions for your provider.

Scope Configuration

OAuth scopes control what permissions your application requests from users. They’re configured through your TokenVerifier (required for the OAuth proxy to validate tokens from your provider). Set required_scopes to automatically request the permissions your application needs:

JWTVerifier(..., required_scopes = ["read:user", "write:data"])

Dynamic clients created by the proxy will automatically include these scopes in their authorization requests. See the Token Verification section below for detailed setup.

Custom Parameters

Some OAuth providers require additional parameters beyond the standard OAuth2 flow. Use extra_authorize_params and extra_token_params to pass provider-specific requirements. For example, Auth0 requires an audience parameter to issue JWT tokens instead of opaque tokens:

auth = OAuthProxy(
    upstream_authorization_endpoint="https://your-domain.auth0.com/authorize",
    upstream_token_endpoint="https://your-domain.auth0.com/oauth/token",
    upstream_client_id="your-auth0-client-id",
    upstream_client_secret="your-auth0-client-secret",

    # Auth0-specific audience parameter
    extra_authorize_params={"audience": "https://your-api-identifier.com"},
    extra_token_params={"audience": "https://your-api-identifier.com"},

    token_verifier=JWTVerifier(
        jwks_uri="https://your-domain.auth0.com/.well-known/jwks.json",
        issuer="https://your-domain.auth0.com/",
        audience="https://your-api-identifier.com"
    ),
    base_url="https://your-server.com"
)

The proxy also automatically forwards RFC 8707 resource parameters from MCP clients to upstream providers that support them.

OAuth Flow

The flow diagram above illustrates the complete OAuth proxy pattern. Let’s understand each phase:

Registration Phase

When an MCP client calls /register with its dynamic callback URL, the proxy responds with your pre-configured upstream credentials. The client stores these credentials believing it has registered a new app. Meanwhile, the proxy records the client’s callback URL for later use.

Authorization Phase

The client initiates OAuth by redirecting to the proxy’s /authorize endpoint. The proxy:

Stores the client’s transaction with its PKCE challenge
Generates its own PKCE parameters for upstream security
Shows the user a consent page with the client’s details, redirect URI, and requested scopes
If the user approves (or the client was previously approved), redirects to the upstream provider using the fixed callback URL

This dual-PKCE approach maintains end-to-end security at both the client-to-proxy and proxy-to-provider layers. The consent step protects against confused deputy attacks by ensuring you explicitly approve each client before it can complete authorization.

Callback Phase

After user authorization, the provider redirects back to the proxy’s fixed callback URL. The proxy:

Exchanges the authorization code for tokens with the provider
Stores these tokens temporarily
Generates a new authorization code for the client
Redirects to the client’s original dynamic callback URL

Token Exchange Phase

Finally, the client exchanges its authorization code with the proxy to receive the provider’s tokens. The proxy validates the client’s PKCE verifier before returning the stored tokens. This entire flow is transparent to the MCP client—it experiences a standard OAuth flow with dynamic registration, unaware that a proxy is managing the complexity behind the scenes.

Token Architecture

The OAuth proxy implements a token factory pattern: instead of directly forwarding tokens from the upstream OAuth provider, it issues its own JWT tokens to MCP clients. This maintains proper OAuth 2.0 token audience boundaries and enables better security controls. How it works: When an MCP client completes authorization, the proxy:

Receives upstream tokens from the OAuth provider (GitHub, Google, etc.)
Encrypts and stores these tokens using Fernet encryption (AES-128-CBC + HMAC-SHA256)
Issues FastMCP JWT tokens to the client, signed with HS256

The FastMCP JWT contains minimal claims: issuer, audience, client ID, scopes, expiration, and a unique token identifier (JTI). The JTI acts as a reference linking to the encrypted upstream token. Token validation: When a client makes an MCP request with its FastMCP token:

FastMCP validates the JWT signature, expiration, issuer, and audience
Looks up the upstream token using the JTI from the validated JWT
Decrypts and validates the upstream token with the provider

This two-tier validation ensures that FastMCP tokens can only be used with this server (via audience validation) while maintaining full upstream token security. Token expiry alignment: FastMCP token lifetimes match the upstream token lifetimes. When the upstream token expires, the FastMCP token also expires, maintaining consistent security boundaries. Refresh tokens: The proxy issues its own refresh tokens that map to upstream refresh tokens. When a client uses a FastMCP refresh token, the proxy refreshes the upstream token and issues a new FastMCP access token.

PKCE Forwarding

The OAuth proxy automatically handles PKCE (Proof Key for Code Exchange) when working with providers that support or require it. The proxy generates its own PKCE parameters to send upstream while separately validating the client’s PKCE, ensuring end-to-end security at both layers. This is enabled by default via the forward_pkce parameter and works seamlessly with providers like Google, Azure AD, and GitHub. Only disable it for legacy providers that don’t support PKCE:

# Disable PKCE forwarding only if upstream doesn't support it
auth = OAuthProxy(
    ...,
    forward_pkce=False  # Default is True
)

Redirect URI Validation

While the OAuth proxy accepts all redirect URIs by default (for DCR compatibility), you can restrict which clients can connect by specifying allowed patterns:

# Allow only localhost clients (common for development)
auth = OAuthProxy(
    # ... other parameters ...
    allowed_client_redirect_uris=[
        "http://localhost:*",
        "http://127.0.0.1:*"
    ]
)

# Allow specific known clients
auth = OAuthProxy(
    # ... other parameters ...
    allowed_client_redirect_uris=[
        "http://localhost:*",
        "https://claude.ai/api/mcp/auth_callback",
        "https://*.mycompany.com/auth/*"  # Wildcard patterns supported
    ]
)

Check your server logs for “Client registered with redirect_uri” messages to identify what URLs your clients use.

Security

Key and Storage Management

New in version: 2.13.0 The OAuth proxy requires cryptographic keys for JWT signing and storage encryption, plus persistent storage to maintain valid tokens across server restarts. Default behavior (appropriate for development only):

Mac/Windows: FastMCP automatically generates keys and stores them in your system keyring. Storage defaults to disk. Tokens survive server restarts. This is only suitable for development and local testing.
Linux: Keys are ephemeral (random salt at startup). Storage defaults to memory. Tokens become invalid on server restart.

For production: Configure the following parameters together: provide a unique jwt_signing_key (for signing FastMCP JWTs), and a shared client_storage backend (for storing tokens). Both are required for production deployments. Use a network-accessible storage backend like Redis or DynamoDB rather than local disk storage. Wrap your storage in FernetEncryptionWrapper to encrypt sensitive OAuth tokens at rest (see the client_storage parameter documentation above for examples). The keys accept any secret string and derive proper cryptographic keys using HKDF. See OAuth Token Security and Storage Backends for complete production setup.

Confused Deputy Attacks

New in version: 2.13.0 A confused deputy attack allows a malicious client to steal your authorization by tricking you into granting it access under your identity. The OAuth proxy works by bridging DCR clients to traditional auth providers, which means that multiple MCP clients connect through a single upstream OAuth application. An attacker can exploit this shared application by registering a malicious client with their own redirect URI, then sending you an authorization link. When you click it, your browser goes through the OAuth flow—but since you may have already authorized this OAuth app before, the provider might auto-approve the request. The authorization code then gets sent to the attacker’s redirect URI instead of a legitimate client, giving them access under your credentials.

Mitigation

FastMCP’s OAuth proxy requires you to explicitly consent whenever any new or unrecognized client attempts to connect to your server. Before any authorization happens, you see a consent page showing the client’s details, redirect URI, and requested scopes. This gives you the opportunity to review and deny suspicious requests. Once you approve a client, it’s remembered so you don’t see the consent page again for that client. The consent mechanism is implemented with CSRF tokens and cryptographically signed cookies to prevent tampering.

The consent page automatically displays your server’s name, icon, and website URL, if available. These visual identifiers help users confirm they’re authorizing the correct server. Learn more:

MCP Security Best Practices - Official specification guidance
Confused Deputy Attacks Explained - Detailed walkthrough by Den Delimarsky

Environment Configuration

New in version: 2.12.1 For production deployments, configure the OAuth proxy through environment variables instead of hardcoding credentials:

# Specify the provider implementation
export FASTMCP_SERVER_AUTH=fastmcp.server.auth.providers.github.GitHubProvider

# Provider-specific credentials
export FASTMCP_SERVER_AUTH_GITHUB_CLIENT_ID="Ov23li..."
export FASTMCP_SERVER_AUTH_GITHUB_CLIENT_SECRET="abc123..."
export FASTMCP_SERVER_AUTH_GITHUB_BASE_URL="https://your-production-server.com"

With environment configuration, your server code simplifies to:

from fastmcp import FastMCP

# Authentication automatically configured from environment
mcp = FastMCP(name="My Server")

@mcp.tool
def protected_tool(data: str) -> str:
    """This tool is now protected by OAuth."""
    return f"Processed: {data}"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    mcp.run(transport="http", port=8000)

Get Started

Servers

Clients

Integrations

Patterns

Development

Implementation

Provider Setup Requirements

Basic Setup

Configuration Parameters

OAuthProxy Parameters

Using Built-in Providers

Token Verification

Scope Configuration

Custom Parameters

OAuth Flow

Registration Phase

Authorization Phase

Callback Phase

Token Exchange Phase

Token Architecture

PKCE Forwarding

Redirect URI Validation

Security

Key and Storage Management

Confused Deputy Attacks

Mitigation

Environment Configuration

Get Started

Servers

Clients

Integrations

Patterns

Development

​Implementation

​Provider Setup Requirements

​Basic Setup

​Configuration Parameters

OAuthProxy Parameters

​Using Built-in Providers

​Token Verification

​Scope Configuration

​Custom Parameters

​OAuth Flow

​Registration Phase

​Authorization Phase

​Callback Phase

​Token Exchange Phase

​Token Architecture

​PKCE Forwarding

​Redirect URI Validation

​Security

​Key and Storage Management

​Confused Deputy Attacks

​Mitigation

​Environment Configuration

Implementation

Provider Setup Requirements

Basic Setup

Configuration Parameters

Using Built-in Providers

Token Verification

Scope Configuration

Custom Parameters

OAuth Flow

Registration Phase

Authorization Phase

Callback Phase

Token Exchange Phase

Token Architecture

PKCE Forwarding

Redirect URI Validation

Security

Key and Storage Management

Confused Deputy Attacks

Mitigation

Environment Configuration